Albertina
Vienna, , Austria
Suggest Place to Visit
7358
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The Albertina Gallery is an art museum in Vienna, Austria, dedicated to the preservation and dissemination of one of the most important collections of graphic arts in the world.
The history of the museum goes back to 1776, when Count Giacomo Durazzo presented the Austrian governor of Hungary, Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen, and his wife Maria Cristina, daughter of Empress Maria Teresa, with about a thousand objects of art, along with a certificate where it clarified the purpose of the donation: to create a collection for the purposes of cultural and moral education, rather than simple aesthetic enjoyment.
In 1781 the Duke became governor of the Austrian Netherlands, and on his return to Vienna he settled in the Tarouca Palace, made available to him by Emperor Francis II, today being the headquarters of the museum. Until his death, the Duke remained busy expanding and organizing his collection. Important initial additions were the acquisition of 800 drawings from the Prince of Ligne, Charles-Antoine collection, which included several pieces by Leonardo, Michelangelo and Rafael, and the exchange of prints by drawings from the Library of the Court in 1796, bringing the rich collection of Dürers gathered by Emperor Rodolfo II, together with works by Rubens, Rembrandt and Van Dyck. The Duke's testamentary provisions ensured the permanent possession of the collection for Austria, as property of the Habsburg family.
His heir, Archduke Carlos, continued his expansion work. The last occupant of the palace, Archduke Frederick, on being exiled due to the abolition of the monarchy, removed from the interior everything that was of value, except the collection of drawings and prints, which no longer constituted private property.
The current building, a jewel of neoclassical architecture, is an adaptation of older buildings that existed on the site, dating from the mid-17th century, being used by the Court's Official Building Department. In 1745 Count Emanuel Teles Sylva-Tarouca received permission from Empress Maria Teresa to remodel and install his residence there. From the transfer of his possession to Duke Alberto, in 1794, it became his home and headquarters of his art collection.
The large wing facing the Burggarten was erected and decorated between 1801 and 1805, under the design of Louis de Montoyer, constituting the official rooms. The large exhibition room of the collection was designed by Joseph Kornhäusl, with luxury refinements, and with pieces of sculpture by Joseph Klieber. The palace complex also includes the 15th-16th century Monastery of Augustinians, and a modern extension in the basement.
At the end of World War II the building suffered heavy damage, which has only recently been fully restored to its former splendor. Its useful area is about 20 thousand m², consisting of the exhibition galleries, the official quarters and the administrative and storage rooms of the collection.
The Albertina Gallery has one of the largest graphic arts collections in the world, with more than 50 thousand drawings and one million engravings, dating from the Gothic to the contemporary. His masterpieces include pieces by Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Rubens, Lorrain, Delacroix, Manet and Cézanne, among the modern Schiele, Klimt, Kokoschka, Warhol, Rauschenberg and Baselitz.
Also notable is its section of architectural drawings, born from the collection of Baron Philipp von Stosch, with around 25 thousand items, and from the estate of the Court's Department of Buildings, with more than 4 thousand pieces. This section has been continuously expanded since then, including contemporary designs and designs, especially with the acquisition of the collections of Peter Behrens, Ernst Kirsch and Carl Hasenauer, in addition to donations from institutions and higher schools of architecture and engineering, such as the University of Technology from Vienna, who donated a series of building models by Otto Wagner, Adolf Loos, Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto.
At the origin of the poster section, mention should be made of the incorporation in 1918 of the Mascha Collection, with an important collection of images from the 18th to the 20th centuries, increased in 1939 with the Paul Collection, which covers the inter-war period.
Another important expansion took place in 1999, when Albertina received the photographic collection from the Höhere Grafische Bundeslehr- und Versuchsanstalt Institut, mainly with scientific photographs. Another important nucleus was born with the arrival of Editora Langewiesche's collection, centered on commercial photography from the 20s and 30s, and finally another group is dedicated to American photography from the 60s and 70s.
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