Cathedral of St. Vitus (Prague)
Praga, Prague Region, Czech Republic
Suggest Place to Visit
5776
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Seat of the Prague archbishopric, St. Vitus Cathedral is the most important Gothic-style building in the Czech capital and the center of its spiritual life. Located in the heart of the castle complex, it is the result of the continuous work of several centuries. The cathedral houses numerous historical and artistic treasures, from crown jewels to the mausoleums of the most iconic personalities of the reign, from beautiful Venetian mosaics to Alfons Mucha's Art Nouveau stained glass windows.
The building that we visit today is the fruit of a construction of more than five centuries, where previously there was a Rotunda of stones of century X, and later a Roman church. Since the Middle Ages are the tombs of St. Wenceslas and St. Adalbert, the patron saints of Bohemia. In the 14th century, an immense Gothic cathedral was built on the orders of Emperor Charles IV, which was destined to house the newly created archbishopric. At that time, it was a monumental work to reflect the status of Prague as the capital of the Empire.
To begin with, the emperor sought the French architect Matías de Arras, whose works visible in the choir of the cathedral resemble the style of the great French cathedrals. After his death, his successor, the renowned architect Peter Parleř, finishes the choir adding a very original vault, forming a wide, organic and dynamic space.
When the Hussite wars began, the works were stopped. Over the following centuries, a baroque dome and an elegant Renaissance gallery were added in the tower. Finally, the construction was completed in the twentieth century under the direction of Josef Mocker (end of the nave and the west façade).
In addition to its architecture, the cathedral contains artistic and historical riches of high importance: on the façade of the south entrance is a beautiful golden Venetian mosaic. The so-called "Golden Gate" leads directly to the St. Wenceslas Chapel, elegantly decorated with precious stones, golden stucco and frescoes: this is where the tomb of St. Wenceslas, patron of Bohemia, stands. In a hidden room, behind the chapel, the jewels of the crown were deposited, exposed to the public during exceptional events.
Prestigious tombs are situated in the chapels of the choir: like the basilica of Saint-Denis in France, St. Vitus Cathedral serves as the main mausoleum for the Royal Dynasty. Thus, several members of the Přemyslida family are buried in Gothic tombstones carved by Peter Parleř.
The baroque tomb of St. John Nepomuk, the omen of Bohemia's patron, is much more recent. Art Nouveau lovers will be able to admire the stained glass windows created by Alfons Mucha, which represent the Life of Cyril and Methodius. Other works by great Czech artists are visible in the Mucha Museum situated in the New Town or in the hall of the Municipal House.
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